Your task

Monday, November 2 · 12 Lipa Street
Your task
Your taxi has just driven off. You're standing in front of your new building with a suitcase, and the front door is opening. Names on the intercom, a sign by the elevator, a shop across the street: today you learn to read and write them. You'll meet the 30 Serbian letters, in Latin and in Cyrillic.
By the end you can
Read any Serbian word, write a Serbian word with all its marks, and recognize the same word in Cyrillic.
Guess first: which four English letters does Serbian not use?
Q, W, X and Y. Serbian doesn't need them: it writes kv, v, ks and j instead.
The scene
Your neighbor from apartment 8 comes out with her cat. Read what she says. Try it on your own first, then open the English translation if you need it.
- Jelena:Zdravo! Ti se useljavaš u stan sedam?
- Jelena:Ja sam Jelena, Jelena Marković, iz stana osam. Komšinica!
- Jelena:A ovo je Mrvica. Ajde, reci zdravo!
- Jelena:Uh, izvini. Lift ne radi. Opet.
- Jelena:Ajde, pomoći ću ti oko kofera. Treći sprat!
- Jelena:I samo srpski, važi? Polako, slovo po slovo.
Words & phrases
Words you'll see on your first day: on doors, shop signs and menus. Look at the marks on č, ć, dž, š and ž: each mark makes a different letter.
ulaz
entrance
izlaz
exit
lift
elevator
pekara
bakery
kafa
coffee
čaj
tea
ćevapi
grilled minced-meat rolls
džem
jam
žena
woman
šta
what
How it works
One letter, one sound. The rule Serbs learn at school, usually credited to the 19th-century language reformer Vuk Karadžić, is Piši kao što govoriš, čitaj kao što je napisano: write as you speak, read as it is written. Every letter is always read the same way, and no letter is silent. Once you know the 30 letters, you can read any Serbian word and write any word you know.
Serbian has no q, w, x or y. Every letter always has the same sound, in every word: a is always the same a, g is always the same g. Pronunciation: you'll practice it live with your instructor. The highlighted rows are letters English doesn't have, or uses differently; for them, the Like in column is a short reading aid.
- Cyrillic
- А а
- Like in
- -
- Example
- -
- Meaning
- -
- Cyrillic
- Б б
- Like in
- -
- Example
- -
- Meaning
- -
- Cyrillic
- Ц ц
- Like in
- ts in cats
- Example
- cena
- Meaning
- price
- Cyrillic
- Ч ч
- Like in
- ch in church
- Example
- čaša
- Meaning
- glass
- Cyrillic
- Ћ ћ
- Like in
- a softer ch
- Example
- kuća
- Meaning
- house
- Cyrillic
- Д д
- Like in
- -
- Example
- -
- Meaning
- -
- Cyrillic
- Џ џ
- Like in
- j in jam
- Example
- džep
- Meaning
- Cyrillic
- Ђ ђ
- Like in
- a softer j
- Example
- anđeo
- Meaning
- angel
- Cyrillic
- Е е
- Like in
- -
- Example
- -
- Meaning
- -
- Cyrillic
- Ф ф
- Like in
- -
- Example
- -
- Meaning
- -
- Cyrillic
- Г г
- Like in
- -
- Example
- -
- Meaning
- -
- Cyrillic
- Х х
- Like in
- h, a bit rougher
- Example
- hleb
- Meaning
- bread
- Cyrillic
- И и
- Like in
- -
- Example
- -
- Meaning
- -
- Cyrillic
- Ј ј
- Like in
- y in yes
- Example
- ja
- Meaning
- I
- Cyrillic
- К к
- Like in
- -
- Example
- -
- Meaning
- -
- Cyrillic
- Л л
- Like in
- -
- Example
- -
- Meaning
- -
- Cyrillic
- Љ љ
- Like in
- lli in million
- Example
- ljubav
- Meaning
- love
- Cyrillic
- М м
- Like in
- -
- Example
- -
- Meaning
- -
- Cyrillic
- Н н
- Like in
- -
- Example
- -
- Meaning
- -
- Cyrillic
- Њ њ
- Like in
- ny in canyon
- Example
- njen
- Meaning
- her
- Cyrillic
- О о
- Like in
- -
- Example
- -
- Meaning
- -
- Cyrillic
- П п
- Like in
- -
- Example
- -
- Meaning
- -
- Cyrillic
- Р р
- Like in
- a rolled r
- Example
- reka
- Meaning
- river
- Cyrillic
- С с
- Like in
- -
- Example
- -
- Meaning
- -
- Cyrillic
- Ш ш
- Like in
- sh in shoe
- Example
- šef
- Meaning
- boss
- Cyrillic
- Т т
- Like in
- -
- Example
- -
- Meaning
- -
- Cyrillic
- У у
- Like in
- -
- Example
- -
- Meaning
- -
- Cyrillic
- В в
- Like in
- -
- Example
- -
- Meaning
- -
- Cyrillic
- З з
- Like in
- -
- Example
- -
- Meaning
- -
- Cyrillic
- Ж ж
- Like in
- s in pleasure
- Example
- život
- Meaning
- life
A mark makes a new letter
c · č · ć s · š z · ž d · dž · đ
In Serbian, č is not a c with decoration: c, č and ć are three different letters, and so are s and š, z and ž, d, dž and đ. Write the marks every time. Why? Some words differ only by the mark: kuća is a house, but kuca means knocks. On a phone keyboard, hold the letter down to find the version with the mark.
- 1.
kuća
house
- 2.
kuca
(someone) knocks
- 3.
čaj
tea
- 4.
šta
what
- 5.
žena
woman
- 6.
đak
pupil
- 7.
džem
jam
lj, nj and dž: one letter each
lj = љ · nj = њ · dž = џ
They look like two letters, but each one counts as a single letter of the alphabet. Why? Look at Cyrillic: there each one is written with one sign, љ, њ, џ. When you count the letters of ljubav, lj counts once: five letters.
- 1.
ljubav
love
- 2.
prijatelj
friend
- 3.
nedelja
Sunday
- 4.
njen
her
- 5.
kuhinja
kitchen
- 6.
džep
pocket
Write it the way you say it
Serbian spelling never surprises you, and that includes words from other languages: they're written the way they sound in Serbian. Why does this matter to you? Once you know the letters, you can write any word you can say, and read words you've never seen.
- 1.
taksi
taxi
- 2.
kompjuter
computer
- 3.
džez
jazz
- 4.
sendvič
sandwich
- 5.
Njujork
New York
- 6.
Šekspir
Shakespeare
- 7.
fudbal
soccer
r can stand without a vowel
Between two consonants, Serbian often writes r with no vowel next to it. Why? Here r works like a vowel, so Serbian doesn't need to write another one. Don't add one when you write these words.
- 1.
prst
finger
- 2.
srce
heart
- 3.
Srbija
Serbia
- 4.
trg
square
- 5.
crn
black
- 6.
vrt
garden
ćevapi, not cevapi
cevapi
ćevapi
Without the mark, it's a different letter. Write č, ć, š, ž and đ every time; a word without its marks is a spelling mistake in Serbian.
And Cyrillic? Serbia uses two alphabets, Latin and Cyrillic, and Serbs read both. You'll see Cyrillic on official documents, on many street signs and in some newspapers. The Cyrillic column in the table shows how it works: one Latin letter is always one Cyrillic letter, even lj, nj and dž (љ, њ, џ). In this course you learn with Latin letters. Whenever you're curious, use the Latin / Ћирилица switch at the top of the lesson: every Serbian word on the page changes to Cyrillic, and back again.
Practice
Match each word with the same word in Cyrillic.
Each word is missing its first letter. Match the word with the letter it needs.
Read: a notice by the elevator
On Tuesday morning, this notice is taped to the elevator door. It's in Cyrillic. Use the table to read it.
ЛИФТ НЕ РАДИ
Мајстор долази сутра.
Извините!
Управник зграде
New words: majstor = repairman, dolazi = comes, sutra = tomorrow, upravnik zgrade = building manager.
Culture note
Culture note
Look at the intercom of any Belgrade building and you'll see a lot of -ić: Petrović, Nikolić, Jovanović. The ending once meant "son of" or "little", so Petrović was "Petar's son". And in everyday writing Serbian spells foreign names the way they sound: in a bookstore you'll find Šekspir, and newspapers write Džon Lenon. Official forms keep your name as it is in your passport. You'll try your own name in a moment.
Your turn
Your writing goes to your instructor, who reads every one and writes back.
Your name, the Serbian way
In everyday writing, Serbs spell foreign names the way they sound: John becomes Džon, Kate becomes Kejt, Michael becomes Majkl. Write your first and last name the Serbian way (any name you like is fine). Then copy six words from this lesson that you want to remember, with all their marks. At least 8 words. Your instructor will read it and correct your spelling. Open the example only after you try.
Write it in your own words. Without an account, you can save your answer in this tab. Closing the tab deletes it.
Main writing task · at least 8 words. Submitting it is part of finishing this activity.
Example answer
Džon Smit / Kejt Braun kafa, čaj, ćevapi, džem, šta, žena, ulaz, pekara
Compare the information and how it's phrased. Your answer doesn't need to use the same words.
Check yourself
Four questions. Get three right to pass, and try again as many times as you like. The lesson is complete when you pass the quiz and send your writing task.
Quiz
Check yourself: the alphabet
4 questions · pass mark 75%
- 1.
Which word is written correctly?
- 2.
How many letters does the Serbian word njuška (snout) have?
- 3.
Which is the name Đorđe in Cyrillic?
- 4.
Serbian writes words from other languages the way they sound. How does it write jazz?
Answer every question before you submit.
What you can do now
What you can do now
You can read any Serbian word, because one letter is always read the same way. You know the letters that work differently from English: c, č and ć, dž and đ, h, j, lj and nj, r, š and ž, and that each mark makes a different letter. You can read a short sign in Cyrillic and write a word in Latin letters. If something felt hard, go back to the alphabet table. Next lesson: saying hello, and choosing between ti and Vi.
More practice
This city name is written in Cyrillic: Љубљана. Put the Latin letter tiles in order. Remember: lj is one letter, so it's one tile.
Grab a card and drag it to the right spot.
This Belgrade street is written in Cyrillic: Његошева. Put the Latin letter tiles in order. Remember: nj is one letter.
Grab a card and drag it to the right spot.
Match each sign with what it means.
